![]() GENE EXPRESSION C ARTOON SKINFluorescent reporter gene delivered to all skin cells. Depicted in the images: cell nuclei (blue), dermal skin fibroblasts (green), epithelial stem cells (red), cells expressing control fluorescent marker delivered by AAV (grey/white), fast growing cells of glands and ducts (yellow). Generally non-viral methods suffer from highly inefficient targeting while viral-based methods offer advantages related to delivering larger cargo in a relatively efficient fashion, but can be highly immunogenic and unsafe. The viral category includes retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, Epstein–Barr, herpes simplex and pox viruses among others, whereas non-viral protocols (both physical and chemical) include electroporation, DNA bombardment, ultrasound, magnetofection and hydrodynamic, or cationic and lipid polymers. However, in vivo delivery of genes and gene editing tools remains challenging and presents a major hurdle in current treatment efforts – one that is the principal research focus of a Wyss team led by George Church, PhD, a founding Core Faculty of the Institute and Professor at Harvard Medical School and MIT.Ĭurrent delivery methods are broadly categorized in viral vs. By modifying their secondary structures, these organisms can create many different proteins from a small stretch of RNA.Gene therapy has been recently reinvigorated through advances in genome editing techniques that allow fast and efficient gene correction and replacement in addition to gene introduction into cells in a culture dish. This can be especially useful, for example, for certain viruses that use RNA to store their genetic information instead of DNA. GENE EXPRESSION C ARTOON CODE
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